Molecular Formula | Cl3Fe |
Molar Mass | 162.2 |
Density | 2,804 g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 304°C(lit.) |
Boling Point | 316 °C |
Flash Point | 316°C |
Water Solubility | 920 g/L (20 ºC) |
Solubility | H2O: soluble |
Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 194 °C) |
Vapor Density | 5.61 (vs air) |
Appearance | powder |
Specific Gravity | 2.804 |
Color | Yellow |
Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 1 mg/m3 |
Merck | 14,4019 |
PH | 1 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
Stability | Stable. Very sensitive to moisture. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents; forms explosive mixtures with sodium, potassium. Hygroscopic. |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Refractive Index | n20/D1.414 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Character black-brown hexagonal crystal. In the transmission of light in the pomegranate red, reflected light under the metal Green. melting point 306 ℃ relative density 2.898 solubility soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and ether. Soluble in liquid sulfur dioxide, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, ethylamine, aniline, carbon disulfide-soluble, insoluble in glycerol. |
Use | Mainly used as water treatment agent, also used as mordant, Catalyst, chlorinating agent, and for the manufacture of other iron salts Mainly used for water purification, but also for printing board, pigments, dyes and drugs |
Risk Codes | R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R38 - Irritating to the skin R22 - Harmful if swallowed R34 - Causes burns R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R10 - Flammable R36 - Irritating to the eyes |
Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. |
UN IDs | UN 2582 8/PG 3 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | LJ9100000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 2827 39 20 |
Hazard Class | 8 |
Packing Group | III |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 316 mg/kg |
Raw Materials | Chlorine Iron Iron |
Downstream Products | 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline edta iron(iii) sodium salt stevioside |
The black-brown crystal belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. dz5 2. 90; Melting point 300 °c; Boiling point 316 °c. Its vapor is the dimer of ferric chloride at 400 °c. It is the molecule of ferric chloride at 750 °c. In the transmission of light in the pomegranate red, reflected light under the metal-like green. Strong hygroscopicity, easy deliquescence in the air, can generate 6 hydrate. Soluble in water, the aqueous solution is acidic, corrosive. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, isopropyl ether, liquid sulfur dioxide, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, ethylamine, aniline. Soluble in carbon disulfide. Insoluble in glycerol, phosphorus trichloride and tin chloride. As a strong oxidant, with copper, zinc and other metals can occur redox reaction. Complex formation with many solvents. It is decomposed into FeClz and C1z at high temperature. The solution is a strong acid and reacts vigorously with a base. With potassium, sodium and other active metals form explosive substances that are sensitive to vibration and friction. Contact with allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, ethylene oxide reaction. Corrosion of metals in wet conditions.
The product can be obtained by direct reaction of iron and chlorine to generate ferric chloride vapor by condensation. There is a small amount of unreacted chlorine and ferric chloride in the reaction tail gas, and the chlorine is absorbed by the ferrous chloride solution, and the liquid ferric chloride is obtained.
used as oxidant and mordant in dye industry, catalyst and oxidant in organic synthesis industry. Also photographic and printing plate etchant and the manufacture of other iron salts, pigments, ink and pharmaceutical raw materials. It can also be used as a polycondensation agent, a polymerization inhibitor and a chlorination of silver and copper ores for free radical polymerization. The incorporation of its solution in building concrete can increase the strength of the building, corrosion resistance and prevent water seepage. In addition to the treatment of drinking water and wastewater.
rat oral LDso:1872mg/kg. Ferric chloride is corrosive. Its dust can stimulate the mucosa and cause inflammation. Staff should be protected. If the skin is touched, it should be immediately rinsed with flowing water. The substance should be stored separately from metal powder, flammable, combustible, reducing agent, etc. It is not allowed to be stored and mixed with toxic substances. During transportation, it should be protected from rain and sun exposure. In case of fire, it is not possible to use water, and it can be suppressed by sand and foam fire.
solubility in water (g/100ml) | Dissolved grams per 100 ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 74.4g/0℃;91.8g/20℃;107g/30℃ |
Toxicity | See anhydrous ferric chloride. |
Toxicity | Ferric chloride is corrosive. Its dust can stimulate mucosa and cause inflammation. Production operators and handling personnel should wear work clothes, rubber aprons, latex gloves and other labor protection supplies to prevent contact with the skin. The production equipment should be airtight and the workshop should be well ventilated. |
category | corroded articles |
toxicity classification | Poisoning |
acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 450 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 895 mg/kg |
explosive hazard characteristics | corrosive |
flammability hazard characteristics | thermal decomposition of toxic chlorine |
storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, foam |
occupational standards | TLV-TWA 1 mg (iron)/m3; TWA 1 mg (iron)/m3 |
Ferric chloride is known as the "chameleon" in the chemical world. As a salt, it can react with alkali and salt. For example, ferric chloride and silver nitrate generate silver chloride white precipitate, ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide generate iron hydroxide red-brown precipitate.
Ferric ions have extremely high oxidizing properties and can undergo redox reactions with some reducing agents. For example, iron can be oxidized to divalent iron to appear green; sulfur ions can be oxidized to sulfur to appear light yellow; iodine ions can be oxidized to iodine to appear blue.
Compounds with a structure (-C = C- OH) with a hydroxyl group connected to sp2 hybrid carbon atoms can show a special color with an aqueous solution of FeCl3. For example, phenol is purple; catechol and hydroquinone are green; potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) is dropped into potassium trichloride, which will turn yellow Fe3 into blood red [Fe(SCN)3].
Common discoloration reactions of ferric chloride:
ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution is a very special solution. The reason why it is special is that Fe3 is very hydrolyzed in water. A large number of H were generated. The reaction equation is as follows:
Fe3 3H2O = = (reversible) = = Fe(OH)3 3H
Therefore, in order to prevent its hydrolysis, when preparing a certain concentration of ferric chloride solution, the ferric chloride solid is first dissolved in concentrated HCl, transferred to a volumetric flask, then diluted with water, and finally prepared into ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution. At this time, the solution shows our theoretical yellow color when the concentration of ferric chloride (FeCl3) is not large (generally less than 1mol/L).
its Fe 2HCl & rarr;FeCl2 H2 2FeC12 C12 & rarr;2FeC13
its 2Fe 3C12 & rarr;2FeC13
hydrochloric acid method adds hydrochloric acid and iron filings to the reactor for reaction to generate ferric chloride solution. after clarification, the chlorine gas is passed through the human clear liquid for chlorination reaction to generate ferric chloride solution, which is then clarified to obtain the finished product of ferric chloride solution. Its
Fe 2HCl→FeCl2 H2
2FeC12 C12→2FeC13
The one-step chlorination method directly passes the chlorine gas into the water soaked in iron filings for chlorination reaction to generate a ferric chloride solution, and after clarification, a liquid ferric chloride finished product is prepared. Its
2Fe 3C12→2FeC13
In the ferrous chloride solution made from iron filings and hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas is introduced and converted into ferric chloride solution. Add iron to reduce to ferrous chloride solution, and re-introduce chlorine to make ferric chloride solution. This operation is repeated until the concentration of ferric chloride is increased to about 60%, and crystals (water content) are precipitated by exhalation.
iron filings chlorination method puts waste iron filings into a steel vertical reactor for chlorination. The upper part of the reactor is a preheating section, lined with refractory materials; the lower part is a reaction section with a water-cooled jacket. Waste iron filings (wires) are added from the top and reacted with chlorine gas flowing upstream in the lower reaction section. The generated ferric chloride vapor and tail gas are discharged from the top and condensed into solid crystals in the condensation trap, which are scraped off the wall of the condensation trap by a stirrer to produce anhydrous ferric chloride finished products. Its
2Fe 3C12→2FeC13
The tail gas contains a small amount of unreacted free chlorine and ferric trichloride, and uses ferrous chloride solution to absorb chlorine to obtain ferric chloride solution. In the production operation, because the ferric chloride vapor is in contact with the moisture in the air, it heats up strongly and releases hydrochloric acid gas, so the pipelines and equipment must be well sealed, and the entire system operates under negative pressure
dangerous goods mark | C,Xn,Xi |
hazard category code | 41-38-22-34-37/38-10-36 |
safety instructions | 26-39-45-36/37/39 |
dangerous goods transport number | UN 2582 8/PG 3 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS number | LJ9100000 |
TSCA | Yes |
customs code | 2827 39 20 |
HazardClass | 8 |
PackingGroup | III |
toxic substance data | 7705-08-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 316 mg/kg |
melting point | 304 °C(lit.) |
boiling point | 316 °C |
density | 2,804 g/cm3 |
vapor density | 5.61 (vs air) |
Vapor pressure | 1mm Hg ( 194 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D1.414 |
flash point | 316°C |
storage conditions | Store below 30°C. |
solubility | H2O: soluble |
morphology | powder |
color | Yellow |
Specific gravity | 2.804 |
PH value | 1 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
water solubility | 920 g/L (20 °C) |
sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
Merck | 14,4019 |
stability | Stable. Very sensitive to moisture. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents; forms explosive mixtures with sodium, potassium. Hygroscopic. |
NIST chemical information | Ferric chloride(7705-08-0) |
EPA chemical information | Ferric chloride (7705-08-0) |
Ferric chloride is a black-brown hexagonal crystal, which is pomegranate red under transmitted light and metallic green under reflected light. Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and ether. Soluble in liquid sulfur dioxide, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, ethylamine, aniline, slightly soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in glycerol. Mainly used as a water treatment agent, also used as a mordant, catalyst, chlorinating agent, and used to make other iron salts.
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Introduction | ferric chloride is a black-brown hexagonal crystal system, exhibiting pomegranate red under transmitted light and metallic green under reflected light. Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and ether. Soluble in liquid sulfur dioxide, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, ethylamine, aniline, carbon disulfide-soluble, insoluble in glycerol. Mainly used as water treatment agent, also used as mordant, Catalyst, chlorinating agent, and for the manufacture of other iron salts. |
Color change reaction | iron trichloride is known as the chemical world of "chamellies, as a salt, can be and alkali, metathesis reaction of salts and the like occurs. For example, ferric chloride and silver nitrate form a silver chloride white precipitate, and ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide form an iron hydroxide red-brown precipitate. ferric ion has very high oxidation, and can react with some reducing agents. For example, iron can be oxidized to divalent iron in green; Sulfur ions can be oxidized to sulfur in light yellow; Iodine ions can be oxidized to iodine in blue. A compound having a structure in which a hydroxyl group is attached to an sp2 hybrid carbon atom (-C = C- OH) can exhibit a special color with an aqueous solution of fecl3. For example, phenol is purple; Catechol and hydroquinone are green; Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) is added to potassium trichloride, which will turn yellow Fe3 into blood red [Fe(SCN)3]. common color change of ferric chloride: FeCl3 KSCN = [Fe(SCN)]Cl2 KCl (red complex ion) FeCl3 3AgNO3 = = 3agcl↓ Fe(NO3)3 (opalescent precipitate) FeCl3 6C6H5OH → H3[Fe(C6H5O)6] 3HCl (complex ion purple) 2FeCl3 Cu = = 2FeCl2 CuCl2 (cyan) 2FeCl3 2KI = = FeCl3 2KCl I2 (blue) FeCl3 3KOH = Fe(OH)3 ↓ 3KCl (red-brown precipitate) 2FeCl3 Na2S = = 2FeCl2 2NaCl s↓ (milky yellow precipitate) 4FeCl3 3K4[Fe(CN)6] = = Fe4[Fe(CN)6] 3 ↓ 12KCl (blue) |
ferric chloride solution | ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution, is a very special solution. The reason why it is special is because Fe3 has a great degree of hydrolysis in water. A large amount of H is generated. The reaction equation is as follows: Fe3 3H2O = = (reversible) = Fe(OH) 3H Therefore, in order to prevent its hydrolysis, when preparing a certain concentration of ferric chloride solution, ferric chloride solid is dissolved in concentrated HCl, transferred to a volumetric flask, diluted with water, and finally prepared into ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution. At this time, the solution in the case of ferric chloride (FeCl3) concentration is not large (generally less than 1mol/L), showing the yellow color of our theory. |
synthesis method | hydrochloric acid method hydrochloric acid and iron chips were added to the reactor for reaction to form ferric chloride solution, which was clarified, the chlorine clear solution was chlorinated to generate ferric chloride solution, and then clarified to prepare ferric chloride solution. The Fe 2HCl → FeCl2 H2 2FeC12 C12 → 2FeC13 one-step chlorination reaction is carried out in the water in which chlorine gas is directly soaked in iron chips to generate ferric chloride solution, which is clarified to prepare liquid ferric chloride finished product. 2Fe 3C12 → 2FeC13 |
solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 74.4g/0 ℃;91.8g/20 ℃;107g/30 ℃ |
toxicity | see anhydrous ferric chloride. ferric chloride is corrosive. Its dust can stimulate the mucosa and cause inflammation. Production operators and handling personnel should wear work clothes, rubber aprons, latex gloves and other labor protection articles to prevent contact with the skin. Production equipment should be closed and the workshop should be well ventilated. |
Application | mainly used as water treatment agent, also used as mordant, Catalyst, chlorinating agent, and used for the manufacture of other iron salts, mainly for water purification, but also for printing board, pigments, dyes and drugs, etc. Mainly used as water purification agent for drinking water and wastewater treatment and purification precipitant. The printing and dyeing industry is used as an oxidizing agent and a printing and dyeing mordant for the dyeing of indigo dyes. Organic synthesis of dichloroethane and other production catalysts. Chlorination of silver and copper ores. An etchant for photographic and printing plate making. Raw materials for the manufacture of iron salts such as iron phosphate, pharmaceuticals, pigments, and inks. In the construction of concrete after the infiltration of the solution can increase the building strength, corrosion resistance and prevent water seepage. For the production of electronic circuit board and fluorescent digital cylinder. A coagulant for the recovery of glycerol from the waste liquid from the production of soap. nutritional supplement (iron fortifier). For infant milk powder, milk food, etc. It can combine with β-globulin in milk to form protein iron, which is easily absorbed in vivo. Due to strong acidity, should not be added directly, usually with the role of whey made after adding whey iron, adjusted to 1g of whey iron containing about 4mg of iron. The amount of added whey iron in the above food is 1.0% to 1.5%. Iron generally promotes the oxidation of fats in foods. Protein-bound whey iron does not promote oxidation. used as analytical reagent and thin-layer color reagent organic synthesis catalyst. Analysis of copper, selenium and arsenic, determination of phenol, cholesterol and choline as an indicator. |
production method | chlorine gas was introduced into the ferrous chloride solution prepared from iron chips and hydrochloric acid to convert it into a ferric chloride solution. Additional iron is reduced to ferrous chloride solution, and chlorine gas is re-introduced to make ferric chloride solution. This operation was repeated until the concentration of ferric chloride was increased to about 60%, and crystals (aqueous) were precipitated by exothermic cooling. Iron chip chlorination method: waste iron chips were placed in a steel vertical reaction furnace for chlorination. The upper part of the reaction furnace is a preheating section, which is lined with refractory materials; The lower part is a reaction section, which is provided with a water-cooled jacket. Scrap iron (wire) was added from the top and reacted with chlorine gas in the lower reaction section countercurrent. The generated ferric chloride vapor and tail gas are discharged from the top, and condensed into the condensation trap to form solid crystals, which are scraped from the wall of the condensation trap by a stirrer to prepare an anhydrous ferric chloride finished product. The 2Fe +3C12 → 2FeC13 tail gas contains a small amount of unreacted free chlorine and ferric chloride, and the chlorine gas is absorbed with ferrous chloride solution to obtain ferric chloride solution. In the production operation, the ferric chloride vapor is strongly Fever after contact with the moisture in the air, and the hydrochloric acid gas is released. Therefore, the pipeline and equipment should be well sealed, and the whole system is operated under negative pressure. hydrochloric acid and iron chips are added to the reactor for reaction to generate ferric chloride solution. After clarification, the clear solution of chlorine gas is subjected to chlorination reaction to generate ferric chloride solution, After further clarification, the finished ferric chloride solution was obtained. The Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H22FeC12 + C12 → 2FeC13 one-step chlorination reaction is carried out in the water in which chlorine gas is directly soaked in iron chips to form ferric chloride solution. After clarification, a liquid ferric chloride product is prepared. 2Fe +3C12 → 2FeC13 |
category | corrosive article |
toxicity grade | poisoning |
Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 450 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 895 mg/kg |
explosive hazard characteristics | corrosive |
flammability hazard characteristics | pyrolysis of toxic chlorine |
storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, foam |
Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 1 mg (iron)/m3; TWA 1 mg (iron)/M3 |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |